Pusat
Studi Perlebahan Lembaga Penyakit Tropis Universitas Airlangga (LPT
Unair), Surabaya sedang melakukan uji klinis terhadap manfaat propolis lebah bagi kesembuhan pasien HIV/AIDS.
Penelitian ini terinspirasi dari uji coba bee venom atau
racun lebah di Amerika yang berhasil menyembuhkan seorang gadis
sembilan tahun. Ketua Pusat Studi Perlebahan LPT Unair James Hutagalung
mengatakan, kelompok studinya juga melakukan hal serupa.
Namun, James dan timnya melakukan uji coba terhadap pasien HIV/AIDS dengan menggabungkan terapi propolis atau air liur dan racun lebah. Riset dengan racun lebah banyak dilakukan di luar negeri. Namun baru pertama kali di Indonesia.
Racun dari lebah ternyata mampu menembus
dinding sel virus. Ia tidak menghancurkan tapi menembus sehingga
virusnya mengecil dan bersifat saling membunuh dan lama-kelamaan hilang.
James dan rekannya melakukan uji coba
klinis terhadap seorang pasien laki-laki dewasa penderita HIV/AIDS.
Pasien ini datang ke LPT Unair dalam keadaan sudah koma selama
tiga-empat pekan.
Dalam tiga pekan pemberian propolis, terjadi perubahan pada pasien. Hasilnya cukup mengejutkan, pasien yang telah koma ini sadar dan mampu membuka mata.
Selama terapi, pasien diberi propolis dosis 500 miligram tiga kali sehari. Tablet propolis yang sudah dihancurkan dimasukkan dalam cairan infus pada pagi, siang dan sore hari.
Selain propolis, pasien juga
diterapi dengan sengat lebah satu pekan sekali. Pasien menerima dua
sengat lebah sekali terapi, di kiri dan kanan leher belakang.
"Bahan aktif yang berperan penting dalam proses penghancuran sel itu disebut melitin yang ada di dalam bee venom. Sedangkan di dalam propolis ada tujuh bahan aktif, salah satunya adalah flavonoid," ujar James, Selasa (28/5).
Propolis berada di dalam rumah lebah. Warnanya kehitaman. Propolis adalah campuran dari nektar dan air liur lebah. Propolis yang dikumpulkan berasal dari jenis lebah dari Eropa, Apis Mellifera.
Propolis yang telah dikumpulkan, diambil ekstraknya dengan cara maserasi. Perbandingannya, satu kilogram propolis dicampur dengan lima liter ethanol. Kemudian dikocok selama dua pekan. Proses tersebut dinamakan maserasi.
Setelah dimaserasi, campuran propolis tersebut dikeringkan dengan alat rotavapor atau alat penguapan. Dari proses ini tertinggal kristal-kristal propolis atau
ekstraknya. Ekstrak inilah yang diberikan pada pasien. Ekstrak ini
sudah bisa dimanfaatkan karena dibuat dalam bentuk tablet.
"Pemberian obat alami atau natural medicine ini dilakukan secara simultan dengan obat antiretroviral," kata James.
Terapi ini diberikan selama jangka waktu
tiga bulan atas persetujuan dari keluarga pasien. James berharap dalam
tiga bulan ke depan hasilnya maksimal. Artinya, pasien dapat sehat
kembali.
NTD
control is also important for success in fighting other important
diseases – notably HIV/AIDs, tuberculosis and malaria. In Africa, there
are high rates of co-infection among NTDs and HIV/AIDs, tuberculosis
and malaria, demonstrating an increased need for more research to unlock
the links between these diseases, as well as a number of opportunities
for treating comprehensive programming to treat these diseases
simultaneously.
NTDs weaken the immune system, making it more likely for an individual to contract other diseases and less likely that they will be able to fight them. Women with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) have three times the chance of contracting HIV than those women without it; in Africa, at least 16 million women may be infected with FGS. Additionally, the presence of soil-transmitted helminthes (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm) is a risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Hookworm and malaria both cause anemia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality for those who are co-infected, particularly women and children.
In some cases, NTDs can also reduce the efficiency of treatment and prevention of other diseases. Soil-transmitted helminthes have shown to reduce the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment as well as reducing the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine – which prevents tuberculosis. Those with HIV and soil-transmitted helminthes may also have a lower response to T-cell treatments. There may be links between NTDs and the efficacy of other vaccines, though more research is needed.
The high level of co-infection means that there are opportunities for integrated treatment programs. The average cost of NTD medication - approximately $0.50 annually - means that it can easily and cheaply be integrated into treatment programs for other diseases, ensuring that they are as effective as possible. Other disease prevention methods, such as mosquito control, will have positive impacts on the reduction of both malaria and lymphatic filariasis in areas like Africa, where the diseases are co-endemic.
HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria
NTDs weaken the immune system, making it more likely for an individual to contract other diseases and less likely that they will be able to fight them. Women with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) have three times the chance of contracting HIV than those women without it; in Africa, at least 16 million women may be infected with FGS. Additionally, the presence of soil-transmitted helminthes (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm) is a risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Hookworm and malaria both cause anemia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality for those who are co-infected, particularly women and children.
In some cases, NTDs can also reduce the efficiency of treatment and prevention of other diseases. Soil-transmitted helminthes have shown to reduce the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment as well as reducing the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine – which prevents tuberculosis. Those with HIV and soil-transmitted helminthes may also have a lower response to T-cell treatments. There may be links between NTDs and the efficacy of other vaccines, though more research is needed.
The high level of co-infection means that there are opportunities for integrated treatment programs. The average cost of NTD medication - approximately $0.50 annually - means that it can easily and cheaply be integrated into treatment programs for other diseases, ensuring that they are as effective as possible. Other disease prevention methods, such as mosquito control, will have positive impacts on the reduction of both malaria and lymphatic filariasis in areas like Africa, where the diseases are co-endemic.
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